Social Security's cost-of-living adjustment set at 3.2% — less than half of the current year's increase

The Social Security Administration said its 2024 cost-of-living adjustment will be 3.2%, a much smaller bump than the 8.7% increase seniors and other beneficiaries received this year. But with inflation still far from its pre-pandemic levels, seniors and other recipients may be at risk of losing financial ground with the smaller adjustment, experts said. 

The average retirement benefit will increase by about $50 a month, beginning in January, the Social Security Administration said on Thursday. That will boost the typical monthly payment to $1,907 from this year's $1,858, the agency said.

Next year's COLA, while lower than the current year, is still above the historical norm for the annual adjustment, which has averaged 2.6% over the past two decades, according to the Senior Citizens League, an advocacy group for older Americans. But many seniors are reporting that they are falling behind, with the annual adjustment failing to keep up with their actual spending, 

"What we are hearing from our surveys is the household budgets went up by more than the amount of their COLA — that is what is worrying people today," said Mary Johnson, Social Security and Medicare policy analyst at the Senior Citizens League. "We still have inflation with us."

U.S. inflation cooled in September, rising 3.7% on an annual basis. That's lower than last year's peak of 9.1% inflation in June 2022, but still higher than the 2% goal sought by the Federal Reserve.

The COLA adjustment "is welcome, but I think it's disappointing because most retirees are still seeing the kind of prices that haven't gone down," said Martha Shedden of the National Association of Registered Social Security Analysts. The COLA "doesn't seem like that accurately reflects what we're seeing in real life."

Despite the annual COLA, some seniors are falling behind partly because the adjustment may not track their actual spending, Johnson noted. The Social Security Administration bases its COLA on what's known as the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, or CPI-W, which tracks spending by working Americans.

"The CPI-W assumes that workers spend about 7% of their income on health care — our surveys have found that older adults spend 12% to16%, even up to 24% on health care," Johnson noted. 

Medicare premiums

Another key issue: the impact of annual Medicare premiums on Social Security benefits. That's because the health program's Part B costs are automatically deducted from monthly Social Security benefits before they're sent to retirees. 

In March, Medicare Trustees forecast Part B monthly premiums would increase 6% to $174.80. That's about a $10 increase, which means Social Security recipients should see a net boost to their monthly checks after that's subtracted from the average benefit increase of $50, Shedden noted. 

"That's a good thing because health care costs are a huge part of retirees' costs, much more than most other people," Sheeden said. 

Still, the caveat is that Medicare will announce its premiums in November, and the final amount could change, especially as the program earlier this year said it would cover the new Alzheimer's drug, Leqembi, which could cost $26,000 annually without insurance and which could increase the program's costs. 

Poverty rising among older Americans

Despite two years of sizable adjustments — the COLA for 2022 was 5.9%, followed by this year's 8.7% — more seniors are falling into poverty, according to U.S. Census data. About 1 in 7 seniors were living in poverty last year, up from 1 in 10 in 2021, the agency found. 

Poverty could spike in coming years if the Social Security isn't stabilized by 2033, when its trust fund is forecast to be depleted, which would result in a benefits cut of about 20% to 25%. 

While retirees "can rest a little easier" with the COLA announced on Thursday, they need reassurance that lawmakers will come up with a plan to stabilize the program, the AARP said in a statement. 

"AARP is urging Congress to work in a bipartisan way to keep Social Security strong and to provide American workers and retirees with a long-term solution that both current and future retirees can count on," AARP CEO Jo Ann Jenkins said in a statement. "Americans work hard to earn their Social Security, and it's only fair for them to get the money they deserve." 

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